• 뭐 / what
• 어디 / where, which place (eo-thi)
• 언제 / when
• 누구 / who
• 어떻게 / how
• 왜 / why
• 얼마 / how much (money)
• 얼마나 / how + adjective/verb

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• 이에요 / to be (after consonant)
• 예요 / to be (after vowel)
• 뭐예요? / what is it?
• 아니에요 / to be not

-

• 이거 / this
• 이거 뭐예요? / what is this?

-

• 이 = this (near you)
• 저 = that (over there)
• 그 = the / that (near the other person)

-

• 은 / topic marking particle (after consonant)
• 는 / topic marking particle (after vowel)

they can also be used to add nuance to a word and prioritize it over others -

• 이 / subject marking particle (after a consonant)
• 가 / subject marking particle (after a vowel)

can also be used to emphatize a word, but not as strongly -

• 있어요 / have/exists
• 없어요 / doesn't have/doesn't exist

-

• 주세요 / please give me

-

• ~고 싶어요 / i want to
• 더 / more
• 뭐 + verb stem + -고 싶어요? / what do you want to _?

-

• 어디 + 가(다) + ~고 싶어요 = 어디 가고 싶어요? = where do you want to go?
• ~에 / at, to, in (mark location, time, situation, etc)
• ~에서 = at, in, from (where an action is taking place or "from" a place)
• (!)~에 expresses a location where something “is” or “exists”, or a direction that you are going toward, ~에서 expresses a location where an action is taking place

-

• 언제 + conjugated verb?
• doesn't have marking particles

- negative sentences

• (1) add 안 before a verb (simpler, more colloquial)
• (2) use the negative verb ending, -지 않다 (relatively formal but not only used for formal situations)
• doesn't apply to 있다 and 알다 because they already have negative forms

-

• 하다 can be combined with nouns to create verbs

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• when you want to ask simple questions like "who did it?" or "who made it?" you emphasize the subject who using 이 or 가
• 누구 + 가 = 누가 for ease of pronunciation
• who is it = 누구 + 예요 = 누구예요?
• (among these people) who is jane? = 누구 + 가 + 제인 + 이에요? = 누가 제인이에요?
• who did it = 누구 + 가 + 했어요? = 누가 했어요?

- ~에서 = from (associated with places) ~부터 = from (associated with time) ~까지 = to/until