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• Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe 1958 Nigeria English
• Fairy tales Hans Christian Andersen 1835–37 Denmark Danish
• The Divine Comedy Dante Alighieri 1265–1321 Florence Italian
• Epic of Gilgamesh Anonymous 18th – 17th century BC Sumer and Akkadian Empire Akkadian
• Book of Job Unknown 6th – 4th century BC Achaemenid Empire Hebrew
• One Thousand and One Nights Anonymous 700–1500 India/Iran/Iraq/Egypt Arabic
• Njál's Saga Anonymous 13th century Iceland Old Norse
• Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen 1813 United Kingdom English
• Le Père Goriot Honoré de Balzac 1835 France French
• Molloy, Malone Dies, The Unnamable, a trilogy Samuel Beckett 1951–53 Republic of Ireland French, English
• The Decameron Giovanni Boccaccio 1349–53 Ravenna Italian
• Ficciones Jorge Luis Borges 1944–86 Argentina Spanish
• Wuthering Heights Emily Brontë 1847 United Kingdom English
• The Stranger Albert Camus 1942 Algeria, French Empire French
• Poems Paul Celan 1952 Romania, France German
• Journey to the End of the Night Louis-Ferdinand Céline 1932 France French
• Don Quixote Miguel de Cervantes 1605 (part 1), 1615 (part 2) Spanish Empire Spanish
• The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer 14th century England English
• Stories Anton Chekhov 1886 Russia Russian
• Nostromo Joseph Conrad 1904 United Kingdom English
• Great Expectations Charles Dickens 1861 United Kingdom English
• Jacques the Fatalist Denis Diderot 1796 France French
• Berlin Alexanderplatz Alfred Döblin 1929 Germany German
• Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoyevsky 1866 Russia Russian
• The Idiot Fyodor Dostoyevsky 1869 Russia Russian
• The Possessed Fyodor Dostoyevsky 1872 Russia Russian
• The Brothers Karamazov Fyodor Dostoyevsky 1880 Russia Russian
• Middlemarch George Eliot 1871 United Kingdom English
• Invisible Man Ralph Ellison 1952 United States English
• Medea Euripides 431 BC Athens Classical Greek
• Absalom, Absalom! William Faulkner 1936 United States English
• The Sound and the Fury William Faulkner 1929 United States English
• Madame Bovary Gustave Flaubert 1857 France French
• Sentimental Education Gustave Flaubert 1869 France French
• Gypsy Ballads Federico García Lorca 1928 Spain Spanish
• One Hundred Years of Solitude Gabriel García Márquez 1967 Colombia Spanish
• Love in the Time of Cholera Gabriel García Márquez 1985 Colombia Spanish
• Faust Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1832 Saxe-Weimar, Germany German
• Dead Souls Mykola Gogol 1842 Ukraine Russian
• The Tin Drum Günter Grass 1959 West Germany German
• The Devil to Pay in the Backlands João Guimarães Rosa 1956 Brazil Portuguese
• Hunger Knut Hamsun 1890 Norway Norwegian
• The Old Man and the Sea Ernest Hemingway 1952 United States English
• Iliad Homer 850–750 BC Possibly Smyrna Classical Greek
• Odyssey Homer 8th century BC Possibly Smyrna Classical Greek
• A Doll's House Henrik Ibsen 1879 Norway Norwegian
• Ulysses James Joyce 1922 Irish Free State English
• Stories Franz Kafka 1924 Austria German
• The Trial Franz Kafka 1925 Austria German
• The Castle Franz Kafka 1926 Austria German
• Shakuntala Kālidāsa 1st century BC – 4th century AD India Sanskrit
• The Sound of the Mountain Yasunari Kawabata 1954 Japan Japanese
• Zorba the Greek Nikos Kazantzakis 1946 Greece Greek
• Sons and Lovers D. H. Lawrence 1913 United Kingdom English
• Independent People Halldór Laxness 1934–35 Iceland Icelandic
• Poems Giacomo Leopardi 1818 Italy Italian
• The Golden Notebook Doris Lessing 1962 United Kingdom English
• Pippi Longstocking Astrid Lindgren 1945 Sweden Swedish
• A Madman's Diary Lu Xun 1918 China Chinese
• Children of Gebelawi Naguib Mahfouz 1959 Egypt Arabic
• Buddenbrooks Thomas Mann 1901 Germany German
• The Magic Mountain Thomas Mann 1924 Germany German
• Moby-Dick Herman Melville 1851 United States English
• Essays Michel de Montaigne 1595 France French
• History Elsa Morante 1974 Italy Italian
• Beloved Toni Morrison 1987 United States English
• The Tale of Genji Murasaki Shikibu 11th century Japan Japanese
• The Man Without Qualities Robert Musil 1930–32 Austria German
• Lolita Vladimir Nabokov 1955 United States English
• Nineteen Eighty-Four George Orwell 1949 United Kingdom English
• Metamorphoses Ovid 1st century AD Roman Empire Classical Latin
• The Book of Disquiet Fernando Pessoa 1928 Portugal Portuguese
• Tales Edgar Allan Poe 19th century United States English
• In Search of Lost Time Marcel Proust 1913–27 France French
• The Life of Gargantua and of Pantagruel François Rabelais 1532–34 France French
• Pedro Páramo Juan Rulfo 1955 Mexico Spanish
• Masnavi Rumi 1258–73 Persia, Mongol Empire Persian
• Midnight's Children Salman Rushdie 1981 India English
• Bostan Saadi 1257 Persia, Mongol Empire Persian
• Season of Migration to the North Tayeb Salih 1971 Sudan Arabic
• Blindness José Saramago 1995 Portugal Portuguese
• Hamlet William Shakespeare 1603 England English
• King Lear William Shakespeare 1608 England English
• Othello William Shakespeare 1622 England English
• Oedipus the King Sophocles 430 BC Athens Classical Greek
• The Red and the Black Stendhal 1830 France French
• Tristram Shandy Laurence Sterne 1760 England English
• Confessions of Zeno Italo Svevo 1923 Italy Italian
• Gulliver's Travels Jonathan Swift 1726 Ireland English
• War and Peace Leo Tolstoy 1865–1869 Russia Russian
• Anna Karenina Leo Tolstoy 1877 Russia Russian
• The Death of Ivan Ilyich Leo Tolstoy 1886 Russia Russian
• Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain 1884 United States English
• Ramayana Valmiki 3rd century BC – 3rd century AD India Sanskrit
• Aeneid Virgil 29–19 BC Roman Empire Classical Latin
• Mahabharata Vyasa 4th century BC – 4th century AD India Sanskrit
• Leaves of Grass Walt Whitman 1855 United States English
• Mrs Dalloway Virginia Woolf 1925 United Kingdom English
• To the Lighthouse Virginia Woolf 1927 United Kingdom English
• Memoirs of Hadrian Marguerite Yourcenar 1951