Concept 9 - Genetics

• Chi square analysis
• Mode of inheritance
  • Autosomal dominant-recessive patterns
  • X-linked patterns
• Monohybrid crosses
• Dihybrid crosses
• Blood type crossess
• Epistasis
• Codominance
• Incomplete dominance
• Pleiotropy
• Polygenetic inheritance
• Barr bodies
• Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
• Analyzing pedigrees for traits/mode of inheritance

Concept 10 - Evolution & Speciation

• Darwin's theories vs Wallace's vs Lamarck's
• Perform radiometric dating
• Interpret a phylogenetic tree
• Evolution
• Natural selection at gene + indiv. + species level
• Variations that result from sexual reproduction
• Variations due to mutation
• Homologous structures
• Analogous structures
• Various types of isolation
  • Sympatric
  • Allopatric
• Genetic Drift
• Adaptive Radiation
• Artificial Selection

Concept 11 - Bacteria, Viruses, and Human Disease

• Examples of disease-causing bacteria and viruses
• Standard microbiological techniques
  • Dilution
  • Sterilizing
  • 3 Phase streaking
  • Staining
• Roles of ... in the control of bacteria
  • antibiotics
  • antiseptics
  • antibodies
• Characteristics of bacteria
• Characteristics of viruses
• Viruses are living vs non-living
• Classifications of bacteria & viruses
• Lytic vs lysogenic phases of bacteriophages
• Productive cycles of animal viruses vs bacteriophages
• HIV/AIDS
  • life cycle
  • modes of transmission
  • preventative measures
• Overview terminology (see concept sheet 11)

Concept 12 - Energy Flow

• ATP and ADP cycles in a cell
• Biotic vs abiotic factors
• Trophic levels
  • autotrophs (producers)
  • heterotrophcs (consumers)
  • detrivores (decomposers)
• Laws of Thermodynamics
• Food web vs food chain
• Symbiotic relationships
  • mutualism
  • commensalism
  • parasitism

Concept 13 - Photosynthesis

• Entire process
  • Photsystem I and II, etc
• Balanced/unbalanced equation for phosynth
• Structure of leaves/chloroplasts
  • relate the parts to their roles in phosynth
• Light-dependent reactions of C3 phosynth
• Light-independent reactions of C3 phosynth
• Photosynthetic pigments
• Chromotography
• Light spectrum
• ATP-ADP cycle in phosynth

Concept 14 - Respiration

• Purpose of cellular respiration
• Equation for aerobic respiration
• 4 stages of Aerobic Respiration
  • Glycolysis
  • Intermediate reactions
  • Krebs cycle
  • Electron Transport System (Chemiosmosis)
• Compare materials used and produced in all stages
• Fermentation
• Aerobic resperation > fermentation (why?)

Concept 15 - Plant Structure and Function

• Monocots vs Dicots
  • # of cotyledons
  • leaf venation
  • vascular bundle arrangement
  • root type
  • floral parts
• Major tissues in primary and secondary roots/stems
• Meristem tissue
  • Apical
  • Lateral
• Hormone-controlled plant processes
  • growth and development of roots/stems/leaves/flowers
  • growth inhibition
  • germination
  • apical dominance
  • fruit ripening
  • gravitropism
  • phototropism
  • thigmotropism
• 5 main plant hormones

Concept 16 - Plant Reproduction

• Sporophyte vs gametophyte life cycles and structures
• Alternation of Generations
  • meiosis
  • mitosis
  • diploid and haploid stages
  • sexual and asexual reproduction
• Compound vs simple flower parts
• Flower parts
  • male and female
  • purpose/relation to reproduction
  • relation to reproduction

Concept 17 - Human Reproduction

• Ovaries and testes
  • reproductive functions
  • endocrine functions
• Coordination of events b/t ovaries and uterus
• Hormone cycles of males vs females
• Tracing sperm flow in human male
• Contraceptive technology
  • hormonal vs mechanical
  • male vs female
• Sperm contents
• Internal and external reproductive parts of males and females