- 1542 – Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII of England, is executed for adultery.
- 1633 - Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei arrived in Rome for trial before Inquisition for professing belief that earth revolves around the Sun
- 1795 - 1st state university in U.S. opens, University of North Carolina
- 1799 - 1st U.S. law regulating insurance passed, by Massachusetts
- 1826 - American Temperance Society, forms in Boston
- 1861 - 1st military action to result in Congressional Medal of Honor
- 1861 - Abraham Lincoln declared president
- 1866 - Jesse James holds up his 1st bank, Liberty, Missouri ($15,000)
- 1885 – born: Bess Truman, American wife of Harry S. Truman, 35th First Lady of the United States (d. 1982)
- 1895 - Moving picture projector patented
- 1907 - English suffragettes storm British Parliament and 60 women are arrested
- 1924 - King Tut's tomb opened
- 1937 - NFL Boston Redskins move to Washington D.C.
- 1943 - Women's Marine Corps created
- 1944 – born: Jerry Springer, English-American television host, actor, and politician, 56th Mayor of Cincinnati
- 1944 – born: Stockard Channing, American actress
- 1948 - Wright Flyer, 1st plane to fly, returns to U.S. from England
- 1950 – born: Peter Gabriel, English singer-songwriter and producer (Genesis)
- 1959 - Barbie doll goes on sale
- 1974 – born: Robbie Williams, English singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (Take That)
- 1977 – born: Randy Moss, American football player
- 1981 - Longest sentence published by New York Times-1286 words
- 1984 - 6 year old Texan Stormie Jones gets 1st heart and liver transplant
- 1988 – born: Aston Merrygold, English singer and actor (JLS)
- 1990 - Larry Bird (Celtics) ends NBA free throw streak of 71 games
- 1996 - Rock musical "Rent," by Jonathan Larson, opens off-Broadway
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