- Rationalists (rationalism - reasoning as the main source of knowledge)
- René Descartes
- Baruch Spinoza
- Gottfried Leibniz
- Empiricists (empiricism - senses/experience/evidence are the main source of knowledge)
- George Berkeley
- David Hume
- John Locke
- Political philosophers (political philosophy - study of politics, rights, justice, liberty, legal issues)
- Thomas Hobbes
- John Locke
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Karl Marx
- Friedrich Engels
- John Stuart Mill
- Jeremy Bentham
- James Mill
- Idealists (philosophical idealism - theory/philosophy that reality/reality as we know it is mostly a construct of our minds)
- Immanuel Kant
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte
- Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
- Arthur Schopenhauer
- Francis Herbert Bradley
- Existentialists (The philosophy which suggests that humans define the meaning in their own lives and attempt to make rational decisions while existing in an irrational universe and emphasizes individual existence, liberty, and choice. Focuses on human existence and the belief/feeling that there is no explanation or purpose at its core. Holds that since there is no transcendent force, including any god, the only way to counter the nothingness and bring meaning to life, is to embrace existence.)
- Søren Kierkegaard
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- Jean-Paul Sartre
- Karl Jaspers
- Gabriel Marcel
- Martin Heidegger
- Phenomenological philosophers
- Edmund Husserl
- Martin Heidegger
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty
- Pragmatists
- Charles Sanders Peirce
- William James
- John Dewey
- Richard Rorty
- Analytic philosophers
- Rudolf Carnap
- Gottlob Frege
- George Edward Moore
- Bertrand Russell
- Moritz Schlick
- Ludwig Wittgenstein
jan 2 2015 ∞
jan 3 2015 +