shared birthdays

• 1533 – queen elizabeth i of england
• 1820 – august kekule
• 1860 – grandma moses
• 1867 – jp morgan jr
• 1936 – buddy holly
• 1951 – mammootty
• 1963 – eazy e
• 1984 – joão miranda
• 1988 – kurt hugo schneider
• 2002 – sophia lucia

through history

• 70 – a roman army under titus occupies and plunders jerusalem.
• 878 – louis the stammerer was crowned as king of west francia by pope john viii.
• 1159 – pope alexander iii chosen.
• 1191 – third crusade: battle of arsuf – richard i of england defeats saladin at arsuf.
• 1228 – holy roman emperor frederick ii landed in acre, palestine and started the sixth crusade, which resulted in a peaceful restitution of the kingdom of jerusalem.
• 1303 – guillaume de nogaret takes pope boniface viii prisoner on behalf of philip iv of france.
• 1571 – thomas howard, 4th duke of norfolk, is arrested for his role in the ridolfi plot to assassinate queen elizabeth i of england and replace her with mary, queen of scots.
• 1652 – around 15,000 han farmers and militia rebel against dutch rule on taiwan.
• 1695 – henry every perpetrates one of the most profitable pirate raids in history with the capture of the grand mughal ship ganj-i-sawai. in response, emperor aurangzeb threatens to end all english trading in india.
• 1706 – war of the spanish succession: siege of turin ends, leading to the withdrawal of french forces from north italy.
• 1764 – election of stanisław august poniatowski as the last ruler of the polish–lithuanian commonwealth.
• 1776 – according to american colonial reports, ezra lee makes the world’s first submarine attack in the turtle, attempting to attach a time bomb to the hull of hms eagle in new york harbor (no british records of this attack exist).
• 1778 – american revolutionary war: france invades dominica in the british west indies, before britain is even aware of france’s involvement in the war.
• 1812 – french invasion of russia: the battle of borodino, the bloodiest battle of the napoleonic wars, was fought near moscow and resulted in a french victory.
• 1818 – carl iii of sweden–norway is crowned king of norway, in trondheim.
• 1822 – dom pedro i declares brazil independent from portugal on the shores of the ipiranga brook in são paulo.
• 1857 – mountain meadows massacre: mormon settlers slaughter most members of peaceful, emigrant wagon train.
• 1860 – italian unification: giuseppe garibaldi enters naples.
• 1864 – american civil war: atlanta is evacuated on orders of union general william tecumseh sherman.
• 1873 – emilio castelar y ripoll becomes president of the first spanish republic.
• 1901 – the boxer rebellion in qing dynasty china officially ends with the signing of the boxer protocol.
• 1906 – alberto santos-dumont flies his 14-bis aircraft at bagatelle, france for the first time successfully.
• 1907 – cunard line’s rms lusitania sets sail on her maiden voyage from liverpool, england, to new york city.
• 1909 – eugène lefebvre crashes a new french-built wright biplane during a test flight at juvisy, south of paris, becoming the first aviator in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air craft.
• 1911 – french poet guillaume apollinaire is arrested and put in jail on suspicion of stealing the mona lisa from the louvre museum.
• 1916 – us federal employees win the right to workers’ compensation by federal employers liability act (39 stat. 742; 5 u.s.c. 751)
• 1921 – the legion of mary, the largest apostolic organization of lay people in the catholic church, is founded in dublin, ireland.
• 1922 – independence of aydın, turkey from greek occupation.
• 1927 – the first fully electronic television system is achieved by philo farnsworth.
• 1932 – the battle of boquerón, the first major battle of the chaco war, commences.
• 1936 – the last thylacine, a carnivorous marsupial named benjamin, dies alone in its cage at the hobart zoo in tasmania.
• 1940 – world war ii: the german luftwaffe begins the blitz, bombing london and other british cities for over 50 consecutive nights. treaty of craiova: romania loses southern dobruja to bulgaria.
• 1942 – world war ii: australian and us forces inflict a significant defeat upon the japanese at the battle of milne bay.
• 1943 – world war ii: the german 17th army begins its evacuation of the kuban bridgehead (taman peninsula) in southern russia and moves across the strait of kerch to the crimea.
• 1945 – japanese forces on wake island, which they had held since december of 1941, surrender to u.s. marines.
• 1953 – nikita khrushchev is elected first secretary of the communist party of the soviet union.
• 1953 – mohammed daoud khan becomes premier of afghanistan.
• 1953 – garfield todd becomes prime minister of southern rhodesia.
• 1961 – joão goulart becomes president of brazil.
• 1965 – vietnam war: in a follow-up to august’s operation starlight, united states marines and south vietnamese forces initiate operation piranha on the batangan peninsula.
• 1970 – fighting between arab guerrillas and government forces in amman, jordan.
• 1977 – the torrijos–carter treaties between panama and the united states on the status of the panama canal are signed. the united states agrees to transfer control of the canal to panama at the end of the 20th century.
• 1978 – while walking across waterloo bridge in london, bulgarian dissident georgi markov is assassinated by bulgarian secret police agent francesco giullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from a specially-designed umbrella.
• 1986 – desmond tutu becomes the first black man to lead the anglican church in south africa.
• 1986 – general augusto pinochet, president of chile, escapes attempted assassination.
• 1988 – abdul ahad mohmand, the first afghan in space, returns aboard the soviet spacecraft soyuz tm-5 after 9 days on the mir space station.