developmental psychology ↴

continuity and stages

  • what parts of development are gradual and continue and what parts change abruptly in separate stages

stability and change

  • stability marks one's personality as one ages

cognition

  • all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing remembering, and commuting

schema

  • concepts or framework that organizes and interprets information people use and adjust their schemas

assimilation

  • adapts their pre-existing schema

accommodation

  • encounter new info, make a new schema
  • assimilate experience onto something
  • accomodate the schema by separating into different categories

piaget's stages of a child's development: ↴

sensorimotor

  • birth → 2 yrs.
  • experiencing their world through sense (all senses)
  • object permanence *develops* in this stage

pre-operational stage

  • 2 → 7 yrs.
  • representing things w words + imgs; uses intuitive rather than logical reasoning
  • egocentrism: lack of understanding of others' pov

concrete operational stage

  • 7 → 11 yrs.
  • thinking logically: performing arithmetical operations
  • conservation: properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in shape.

formal operational stage

  • 12 yrs. → adulthood
  • moral reasoning develops (typically)
  • abstract reasoning: "if _ happens, then _ will happen"
  • can hypothesies what consequences can come from certain actions

infancy and childhood: social development

there are four main parenting style: ↴

  • authoritarian - coercive (low response / high demand)
  • permissive - unrestraining (high response / low demand)
  • neglectful - uninvolved (low response / low demand)
  • authoritative - confrontive (high response / high demand)

outcomes of these parenting styles: ↴

  • authoritarian: lower social skills + self-esteem
  • permissive: more aggressive + immature
  • negligent: poor academic + social outcomes
  • authoritative: highest self-esteem, self-reliance, self-regulation, and competence
nov 3 2023 ∞
dec 1 2023 +