normative ethics - what are our moral obligations? (not really focusing on a person such value theory)

• are we ever able to break certain moral rules?

fundamental moral rules / moral theories / moral principles

• what a universal rule looks like - always maximize good consequences
• wrong action - brings out bad outcomes

utilitarianism - depends on the consequences of the actions

some also believe that the end doesn't justify the means, meaning even if the consequences are good, doesn't mean it should be done if the action is bad.

steps of moral reflection - moral instinct in response to a specific scenario → develop a general moral principle → apply this principle to different scenarios

general moral theory - do not cause harm to others

deontology - uses rules that distinguish right from wrong