nucleotides

• are monomers that make up nucleic acids
• are made of pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
• nucleoside consists of only one pentose sugar and nitrogen-containing base

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• carbon numbering matters when speaking about nucleic acids

from the oxygen go clockwise

ribose - obeys carbon perfectly

nucleotides join together polymerize in condensation reactions, forming phosphodiester links

H from OH and the OH from the third 3' 3 prime (idk the third something) tp create a phosphodiester linkage

nucleic acids go in a 5' to 3' pattern -

• bases may be either pyrimidine single ring or purine two fused rings
• purines always match with pyrimidines

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• identity of the base determines the identity of nucleotide
• RNA has uracil U instead of thymine

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• A pairs with T/U and C pairs with G
• C and G is a stronger bond
• (CGI {no I} and @u, at you) "CGI is better than u"

DNA and RNA purified substances can be made to form crystals. x-ray passed through it, positions of atoms is inferred from the pattern of diffraction