• A State
  • A geographic area controlled by a government (not like the 50 states)
• 4 things that states do
  • Monumental architecture (big things)
  • Class hierarchies
  • Gender hierarchies
  • Writing/Record Keeping
  • Relations with Civilizations
• What makes a state?
  • Usually led by a king (Not monarch because it was usually a man)
  • Organizes surplus labor and resources
  • Resolves disputes (court system)
  • WAAAAAAR (controls military)
• Kingship in Egypt
  • The Pharaoh
  • He's a "god" or "son of god" or "descendant of god"
  • Responsible for "making the sun rise"
  • Responsible for "making the rivers flood"
• Organizing surplus labor in Egypt
  • Irrigation (farming power)
  • Pyramids (monumental architecture)
• Resolving Disputes
  • Rudimental court system
    • Monopoly of violence
      • Where only one system (the government) can punish someone violently
    • Who makes judgements?
      • The pharaoh (or)
      • The vizier (Pharaoh's representative) (or)
      • Village Elders
• Warfare in Ancient Egypt
  • Why do states have wars anyway?
    • For land, people, dominance, resources, etc.
  • Which states survive?
    • The states that are more violent and strategic end up winning
  • Egypt was a tough place to conquet
  • Nile river provides a lot of resources and food
  • Sahara Desert
    • The civilization is one state
    • No internal competition
    • Unitary state
  • Egyptian Civilization lasted from 3100 BCE - 1070 BCE
  • Hyksos
    • First group of people that are able to attack Egypt and take over Egypt because of their interesting new weapons
    • Herded horses (especially for their chariots)
    • They are pastrialists (people who herded)
    • 1650 - 1550 BCE
    • Chariots
    • Composite bows

Big ideas

• Civilizations are large agrarian societies with cities
• Six original civilizations
• All civilizations develop states
• Kingship
• Pastoral societies influence civilizations