Europe's Recovery

• Population Increased (900 - 1360)
  • Climate improves
  • Fewer Wars/Conflict
  • Agricultural technology
    • Horse collars
      • Let's horses pull plows
      • Faster than oxen
      • More land gets plowed
      • More food
    • Two-field system
      • 1st field: Wheat (that took away all the nutrients)
      • 2nd field: Pasture (with cows and poop)
    • Three-field system
      • Some other crop
    • Effects of a greater food supply
      • # of people
      • Amount of trade
      • Size and number of cities
      • Art, education, and culture!
• New Economic Features of the "High" Middle Ages
  • Guilds
    • Medieval Craft Unions
      • Set prices
      • Train and license workers
      • Ensure quality
      • Monopolize industries
        • You have to be a guild member to do that job
  • Paris (1200)
    • 100 separate guilds
  • Paris (1350)
    • 350 separate guilds
  • What professions?
    • Bookbinders, butchers, chandlers, professors, professional girlfriends (kek)
• International Banking Houses
  • Wealthy families set up banking networks across Europe
  • Lenders to kings and popes
  • Often from Italy
  • Often in Expatriate communities