• narrative voice

wuthering heights

hard times - intrusive narrator, mostly omniscient. didactice purpose - preaching. controls readers response. irony, satire, sparsit - staircase. caricature.

• work

wuthering heights

hard times - factories, "hands", unionisation - negative portrayl of slackbridge - proletariat. bank, bounderby, bourgeoisie, heartless capitalists. oppressive and exploitative nature of work. Parliament, mps, Gradgrind, Harthouse. leisure, balance of work and play - sissy.

• education

wuthering heights

hard times - utalitarianism, fact vs fancy, "m'choakumchild". Bounderby, liar. Gradgrinds philosophy unravelled.

• moral purpose and revenge

wuthering heights

hard times - upper class morally corrupt, though not necessarily bad intentions. lower class - wise,mr sleary, morally pure. sissy and sleary. corruption - exposee of victorian society - industry, politics, capitalism.

• childhood

wuthering heights

hard times - deprived of imagination, louisa and tom, emotionally stunted. sissy - abandonement, "nine-oils". vulnerability, lack of empathy - bitzer, end chapter.

• structural devices (features which hold the plot)

wuthering heights

hard times - serialized - repetition of imagery. book and chapter titles - metaphorical. leit motifs and symbolism, "melancholy mad elephants"

• marriage

wuthering heights

hard times - bounderby and louisa - arranged marriage, patriarchal society. divorce, stephen and the drunk hag - class inequality. mrs. gradgrind's death - unsuccessful.

• symbolism /imagery / metaphor

wuthering heights

hard times - turtle soup, gold. spoon and venison. "triumph of fact". light - sissy, colour, contrast to bitzer. tom - costume - fancy. serpents. "old hell shaft". mrs sparsit's staircase.

• setting/ place

wuthering heights

hard times - contrast, bounderbys house to stephen's. compare stone lodge to school. significant expression of important themes.

• use of dialogue

wuthering heights

hard times - bounderby to stephen, creates reader empathy, shows injustice. sleary - individuated speech. crucial in creating characterisation, important in expressing themes.

• class/ status

wuthering heights

hard times - bounderby - "in the gutter" - justification of low wages. contrast, divisive, victimisation. upperclass unfouvourable.

• women

wuthering heights

hard times

• social equality

wuthering heights

hard times - purpose to highlight inappropriate levels of social inequality

• societal expectations

wuthering heights

hard times

• deviance

wuthering heights

hard times - tom "the whelp", robs bank, nature vs nurture debate. parenting.

• power

wuthering heights

hard times

• humour

wuthering heights

hard times

• contrasts

wuthering heights

hard times

• sin/evil/wrongdoing

wuthering heights

hard times - presentation of men. utalitarianism. gradgrinds redemption. tom-insidious.

• townlife

wuthering heights

hard times - coketown - "does it always look like this?" chap 5 and 10. pollutes, profit, created by industrial revolution. utalitarianism.

• dreams/ expectations

wuthering heights

hard times

• suffering/ hardship

wuthering heights

hard times - louisa, forced marriage. the good suffer. redemptive suffering. hardship.

• religion

wuthering heights

hard times - louisa, charity. "teetotal society"

• endings

wuthering heights

hard times

• revenge

wuthering heights

hard times

• dehumanisation

wuthering heights

hard times

• love/ passion

wuthering heights

hard times

• characterisation

wuthering heights

hard times