ART MOVEMENTS

• Pre-Rennaissance
  • Gothic Art (rooted in religious devotion: distinctive arched design of churches, stained glass; 14th c. - more secular (Simone Martini)
  • Byzantine Art (focused on the need of the Orthodox church: icons, frescoes, mosaics Till 1453
• Rennaissance (1300-1600): great revival of interest in the classical learning and values of ancient Greece and Rome, the development of new technologies–including the printing press, a new system of astronomy and the discovery and exploration of new continents–was accompanied by a flowering of philosophy, literature and art (da Vinci, Titian, Botticelli)
  • Mannerism ~High Rennaisance (Raphael, Michelangelo):complex composition, with muscular and elongated figures in complex poses
• Baroque (1600-1730) under the influence of the Roman Catholic Church: flawed pearl // extravagance+exuberance (Peter Paul Rubens, Handel, Bach, Pachelbel, Vivaldi, Newton, Descartes (I think, therefore I am) Cf.: Benini's & Michelnagelo's David, Caravaggio (violent) // Rembrandt (spiritual): less complex, more realistic
• Rococo ~Late Baroque (1720-1780) - a reaction against the grandeur, symmetry and strict regulations of the Baroque (Palace of Versailles):the Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo, Thomas Gainsborough ("Mr and Mrs Andrews"), Joshua Reynolds, Antoine Watteau ("Pierrot") How to: pastel colours, mythological themes, courting, elegance, pastoral landscapes, depiction of domestic life ("Le Dejeuner" by Francois Boucher, "The Lesson of Love" by Watteau, "The Stolen Kiss" by Jean-Honore Fragonard, "Diana after the Hunt" by Boucher
• Neoclassicism ~The Age of Enlightment (1750-1830) - a general revival of interest in classical thought Ostankino Palace in Moscow by Francesco Camporesi. Architecture: Robert Smirke, Robert Adam. Sculpture: Antonio Canoca. Painters: Ingres.
• Romanticism ~Anticlassicism (1790-1880) - individualistic, exotic, emotional. Painters: John Constable, Turner, "Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog by Caspar David Friedrich", Spain: Francisco Goya, "The 9th Wave" by I. Aivazovsky ( Literature: Edgar Allan Poe (supernatual/occult, human psychology; Goethe "The Sorrows of Young Wether", Jena: Shelling, Hegel, Shiller; Shlley, William Blake ~the Lake Poets; "The 3 Musketeers", "The Count of Monte Cristo" by Duma, Pushkin, Lermontov, Tyutchev; North America: Gothic literature ("The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" by Washington Irving, E.A. Poe (supernatual/occult, human psychology, "Moby-Dick" by Hermann Melville; Music: Liszt, Verdi, Schumann, Berlioz, Wagner, Mendelssohn
• Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (1848-1854): Rossetti, Hunt (England) - wanted a return to the abundant detail, intense colours and complex compositions of Quattrocento Italian art
• Photography (since 1826)
• Realism (1830-1870) began in France (Camille Corot, Jean-Francois Millet // The Barbizon School)
• Peredvizhniki~ The Wanderers (1870) ~mobile exhibitions, bringing art to the provinces (Levitan, Repin, Shishkin, Surikov, Vasnetsov, Serov. Subjects: the folk life, common people, its imjustice, povery and beauty.
• Impressionism (1860-1890) a light, spontaneous manner (Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Remoire, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet)
  • Post-impressinism (1886-1905) - an umbrella term that encompasses a variety of artists who were influenced by Impressionism // less idyllic and more emotionally charged (Paul Gaughin (Taihitian landscapes and people), Paul Cezanne, Vincent van Gogh)
  • Neo-impressionism:
    • Pointilism (1880s) - Georges Seurat
    • Fauvism (1898-1908) - more primitive form of expression (Henri Matisse)
• Art Nouveau (1890-1914) - an elegant decorative art style characterized by intricate patterns of curving lines (Gustav Klimt)
• Modernism
  • Expressionism (1905-1913) Germany - expresses the inner state of the artist (Wassily Kandinskt, Amadeo Modigliani)
  • Cubism (1907-1914) France - the essence of an object can only be captured by showing it from multiple points of view simultaneously (Pablo Picasso
  • Dada (1916-1924) defied any intellectual analysis (Jean Arp, Francis Picabia) =>
  • Surrealism (1924-1950s) - fantastical visual imagery from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the work logically comprehensible ("The Persistence of Memory", "The Elephants" by Salvador Dali)
  • Pop Art (1950s-1960s) - ads, celeb photos, comics (Andy Warhol)
  • Minimalism (1960s-) - objects are stripped down to their elemental, geometric form, and presented in an impersonal manner (John Graham, Sol LeWitt)
  • Graffiti (1960s)

CONSTELLATION FAMILIES

• Ursa Major Family
  • Ursa Major (+ The Big Dipper)
  • Ursa Minor
  • Corona Borealis etc.
• The Zodiac / Tierkreiszeichen
  • Aries ♈ / Widder / The Ram
  • Taurus ♉ / Stier / The Bull
  • Gemini ♊ / Zwillinge / The Twins
  • Cancer ♋ / Krebs / The Crab
  • Leo ♌ / Löwe / The Lion
  • Virgo ♍ / Jungfrau / The Maiden
  • Libra ♎ / Waage / The Scales
  • Scorpius ♏ / Skorpion / The Scorpion
  • Sagittarius ♐ / Schütze / The (Centaur) Archer
  • Capricornus ♑ / Steinbock / "Goat-horned" (The Sea-Goat)
  • Aquarius ♒ / Wassermann / The Water-Bearer
  • Pisces ♓ / Fische / The Fishes
  • The Perseus Family (named for figures in the Perseus myth - Perseus, his winged horse Pegasus, Andromeda, her parents Cepheus and Cassiopeia, and the sea monster Cetus)
• The Hercules Family ( named for figures in the Heracles myth)
• The Orion Family (the hunter (Orion) and his 2 dogs (Canis Major and Canis Minor) chasing the hare (Lepus). The unicorn (Monoceros) was a later addition).
• The Heavenly Waters ( associated with lake, river, sea creatures)
• The Bayer Family (named after water animals)
• The La Caille Family (named after scientific instruments and apparatuses like the telescope, microscope)

MYTHOLOGICAL FIGURES

Primiedial deities

• Chaos ↢ nothingless
• Chronos - ⌛
• Eros - ♥
• Pontus + Thalassa - ♒
• Thanatos - ☠ / Tartarus - ♕ ☠
• Nyx - ☽ ★ ☾
• Uranus - ☁ ☀ / father of Titans
• Hemera - ☼

Immortals

• Zeus - ⚡
• Poseidon - ♒
• Hastia - ⌂
• Demeter - ❁ ⚘ ✿
• Artemis - ➳
• Aves - ⚔ ⚒
• Apollo - ♪ ☼ ♬

The Muses:

• Clio (history)
• Urania (astronmy)
• Melpomene (tragedy)
• Thalia (comedy)
• Terpsichore (choral song and dance)
• Calliope (epic poetry)
• Erato (erotic poetry)
• Polyhymnia (religious hymns)
• Euterpe (lyric poetry)

daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, they are goddesses of music, song, and dance; the source of inspiration to poets; and the keepers of knowledge, remembering all that has or ever shall come to pass.

The Graces:

• Aglaia (splendor)
• Euphrosyne (mirth)
• Thalia (good cheer)

born of Zeus and Eurynome, the goddesses of grace, beauty, adornment, mirth, festivity, dance, and song are the attendants of both Aphrodite and Hera.

The Furies

• Tisiphone (murder retribution)
• Megaera (grudge)
• Alecto (unceasing)

ugly, winged women covered in poisonous serpents, born from the blood of Ouranos when he was castrated by his son Kronos, who avenge crimes against the natural order (homicide, unfilial conduct, crimes against the gods, perjury, and most certainly crimes of a child against their parents) when invoked, pursuing wrong doers relentlessly, until death, often driving them to suicide.

The Fates:

• Clotho (spins the thread of life)
• Lachesis (chooses one's lot in life and how long it will be)
• Atropos (at one's death, cuts the thread of life)

inflexible, severe old women, so old that they even predate the gods, personified the inescapable destiny of man, assigning to every person their fate.

• the Adjule is said to be a canine like creature which stalks the desert plains of north Africa.
• a Kelpie is a dreamy and elegant water horse derived from old Celtic mythology.
• the Kraken is a very famous cryptid, gaining fame in recent years due to the highly successful Pirates of the Caribbean films which stalks the shores of Greenland and Norway, preying on ships and their sailors.
• Phantom Cats are popular cryptids in Britain and Ireland, among other European countries such as Luxembourg and the Netherlands where sightings are fairly common.
• the Yeti is arguably the most famous cryptid, competing with Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. It is often physically described as 'a large gorilla like animal with icy white fur and huge feet' and is thought to roam rampant the mountains of Nepal and Tibet. there is much speculation regarding it's existence, and despite several expensive tests conducted by experienced scientific teams, it is still labeled as a legend.
• the Loch Ness monster is a globally known prehistoric water beast, often affectionately referred to as Nessie by locals. As the name suggests, the beast is said to live in Loch Ness, which is a large loch (Scottish word for lake) in the Highlands. In 1934, a man named Dr. Wilson took a photograph of the so called monster in the water and it remained to be viable evidence for over three decades before he admitted to it being fake, after much pressure. However, since then, there have been many search operations which have involved lowering submarines to the deepest recesses of the loch and photographing a scene every day for a year. the last apparent sighting of Nessie was in 2011.

CARDS

• Spades ♠
• Hearts ♥
• Diamonds ♦
• Clubs ♣
• Jack
• Queen
• King
• Ace