Bhumisparhsa Mudra | touching the earth as Gautama did, to invoke the earth as witness to the truth of his words. Varada Mudra | fulfilment of all wishes; the gesture of charity. Dhyana Mudra | the gesture of absolute balance, of meditation; the hands are relaxed in the lap, and the tips of the thumbs and fingers touch each other. Abhaya Mudra | gesture of reassurance, blessing, and protection, "Do not fear." Dharmachakra Mudra | the gesture of teaching, usually interpreted as turning the Wheel of Law; the hands are held level with the heart, the thumbs and index fingers form circles. Vitarka Mudra | intellectual argument, discussion; the circle formed by the thumb and index finger is the sign of the Wheel of Law. Tarjani Mudra | threat, warning; the extended index finger is pointed at the opponent. Namaskara Mudra | gesture of greeting, prayer, and adoration. Buddhas no longer make this gesture because they do not have to show devotion to anything. Jnana Mudra | teaching; the hand is held at chest level and the thumb and index finger again form the Wheel of Law. Karana Mudra | gesture with which demons are expelled. Ksepana Mudra | two hands together in the gesture of 'sprinkling' the nectar of immortality. Uttarabodhi Mudra | two hands placed together above the head with the index fingers together and the other fingers intertwined – the gesture of supreme enlightenment.