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Repeated ploughing is necessary to obtain a good tilth.

Every effort may be made to secure a pulverized surface.

Too much cultivation for cotton is not considered to possess any special benefits.

Running of blade harrow two or three times across the field produce a fairly good tilth.

After getting required tilth, the land is laid out into ridges and furrows with the help of a ridge plough or a bund former.

Ridging of land and sowing cotton on ridges economize the use of irrigation water and the furrows acts drainage channels whenever heavy rains are received particularly in heavy clays.

Ridging is very useful for sowing of seed by dibbling and later irrigation and also facilitates for better drainage.

Length of ridge/furrow depends on slope of land.

For good growth of cotton plants on deep black soils three things besides initial soil fertility are usually necessary.

a) The soil should be free from injurious weeds.

b) The soil should possess adequate moisture in the surface layers for the first few weeks after sowing.

c) It should be provided with good surface drainage thereafter to prevent water - logging.