SHOCK: When blood fails to reach tissues due to blood loss.

• S/S-
  • Restlessness, irratibility, change in consciousness, nausea, PALE/COOL/MOIST skin, rapid breathing.
• CARE-
  • Call 911 (Life Threatening!)
  • Lay person down.
  • Elevate legs 12 inches.
  • Control bleeding.
  • Blankets.
• TYPES-
  • 1. Anaphylactic - allergic reaction
  • 2. Cardiogenic - blood fails to circulate
  • 3. Hypovolemic - large blood loss
  • 4. Neurogenic - BP dec b/c CNS + severe fluid loss.
  • 5. Septic - Vessels dialate from infection.

MOVING THE VICTIM:

• Walking assist
• Pack strap carry
• Two person seat carry
• Clothes drag
• Blanket drag
• Foot drag

BURNS:

• 1.STOP the burn by removing hazardous materials.
• 2. Cool the burn by running under cool water for about 10 mins.
• 3. Cover the burn with a non-stick pad (gauze).
• DO NOT ICE. This could cause further injury.
• Never put on ointment.
• Prevent infection: Do NOT pop blisters.
  • Signs: Yellow, puss, warm skin, swollen, red.

CHEMICAL BURN TO EYE:

• Rinse with H2O OR saline for 10mins, from nose to outer eye.

SPLINTING:

• Only if you have to move victim.
• Splint above and below injured area.
• Splint in position you find.
• Check feeling, warmth, and color before and after.
• TYPES:
  • Soft - blanket, pillow towel. USES: ribs, abd, foot.
  • Rigid - cadboard, magazine, board. USES: forearm, leg.
  • Anatomic - triangular bandage. USES: fingers, legs, knee.
  • Sling - triangular bandage. USES: shoulder, upper arm.

FAINTING: loss of consciousness due to lack of blood flow to brain.

• S/S:
  • Cool, pale, moist skin.
  • Nausea, blurred vision, headache, numbness.
• CARE:
  • Call 911
  • Lay victim on back and raise feet 12 in.
  • Loosen clothing.
  • Do not give victim anything to eat/drink.
  • Do not splash victim or slap their face.

SEIZURES: sudden uncontrolled muscular contractions.

• S/S:
  • Rise in body temp.
  • Urinating, confusion, drowsiness.
  • Upward rolling of eyes.
  • Becoming rigid, rhythmic jerking of head.
• CARE:
  • Call 911.
  • Do not restrain victim.
  • Remove nearby objects that could cause injury.
  • Roll victim to side after, so fluids can drain out.

STROKE: disruption of blood flow to the brain.

• CAUSES:
  • From clots, head injury, high BP, rupture, family history, diabetes, smoke, heart disease, obesity.
• CONTROLLABLE FACTORS:
  • Diet, exercise, smoking.
• S/S: (FAST)
  • Face - compare L/R for droopiness/drooling.
  • Arms - muscle strength.
  • Speech - slurred.
  • Time - note time and call EMS.

COLD INJURIES: FROSTBITE

• S/S:
  • Shivering, shaking, lack of feeling, numbness, cold skin.
• CARE:
  • Remove victim from cold.
  • Place under blankets.
  • Rewarm ONLY if staying in a warm place.
  • Rub gently.
  • Place in cool water, and slowly increase temp.
  • DO NOT break blisters.

COLD INJURIES: HYPOTHERMIA

• Core temperature drops = VFIB.
• CARE:
  • Warmer place.
  • Call 911.
  • Remove wet clothes.
  • Warm beverages (not caffeine).

HEAT INJURIES:

• 1. CRAMPS - from lack of fluid.
  • CARE: Remove from heat, replace liquids, stretching.
• 2. HEAT EXHAUSTION - cool, pale moist, sweating, dizzy.
  • CARE: Remove from heat, remove clothes, wet rags, fluids.
• 3. HEAT STROKE - life threatening, happens when s/s of heat exhaustions are not taken care of. not sweating, confusion.
  • CARE: Cool them down!

CONCUSSION: loss of brain function due to brain trauma.

• S/S:
  • Dazed, headache, memory loss, eyes hurt.
• CARE:
  • Call 911, don't move them, stabilize head.

NOSE BLEED:

• Pinch nose, and tilt FORWARD.

POISONING:

• CARE:
  • Remove person from the source of poison.
  • Check consciousness.
  • Call 911.
  • Care for life threatening conditions.
  • Do not give food/drink.
  • EPI PEN!
• S/S:
  • Swelling, itching, dizziness, red eyes, inc heart, constriction in throat and chest, nausea.