- Age of Reason (Enlightenment): A movement in Europe from about 1650 until 1800 that advocated the use of reason and individualism instead of tradition and established doctrine
- Baroque period: The historic period from about 1600 until 1750 when the Baroque style of art, architecture, and music flourished in Europe.
- Dark Ages: The period of history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance.
- Great Depression: A period during the 1930s when there was a worldwide economic depression and mass unemployment.
- Elizabethan age: A period in British history during the reign of Elizabeth I in the 16th century; an age marked by literary achievement and domestic prosperity.
- Golden Age: (classical mythology) the first and best age of the world, a time of ideal happiness, prosperity, and innocence; by extension, any flourishing and outstanding period.
- Harlem Renaissance: A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished.
- Industrial Revolution: The transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation.
- Jazz Age: The 1920s in the United States characterized in the novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald as a period of wealth, youthful exuberance, and carefree hedonism.
- Reign of Terror: The historic period (1793-94) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed.
- Victorian age: A period in British history during the reign of Queen Victoria in the 19th century; her character and moral standards restored the prestige of the British monarchy but gave the era a prudish reputation.
- Stone Age: (archaeology) the earliest known period of human culture, characterized by the use of stone implements.
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