• multiplying a number by 5 is halving and multiplying by 10
    • can get to any number this way - eg, multiplying by 7 is 5 times plus double
  • multiplying by 11, or 22 or 33 & the 11 divisibility rule
  • squaring 2-digit numbers that end in 5, or same first digit & second digits sum to 10 (eg, 22 x 28)
  • switching percentages
  • difference of squares
  • summing 1 to x using Gauss or Euclid’s method
  • binomial expansion
    • squaring a 2-digit number - 45^2 = 40^2+40*5*2+5^2
aug 23 2026 ∞
aug 31 2026 +