membrane-bound

• Chloroplasts
  • a stack of thylakoids is called a granum {pl. grana}
  • inner membrane has a network of membranes called thylakoids
  • only found in plant cells and the cells of some protocists
• Golgi apparatus
  • modifies proteins produced at the ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • packages modified proteins into vesicles
• Lysosomes
  • contain powerful digestive enzymes
• Mitochondria
  • folds called cristae increase the surface area to increase the rate of reaction
  • site of ATP production during respiration
• Nucleus
  • contains chromatin, which condenses into chromosomes during cell division
  • houses the cell's genetic material
  • nuclear pores allow the movement of larger molecules
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • covered in ribosomes
  • flattened sacs called cisternae
  • site of protein synthesis
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • deals with lipid synthesis
  • flattened sacs called cisternae

non-membrane-bound

• Centrioles
  • form the spindle {the part which moves chromosomes} during nuclear division
  • small tubes of protein fibres {called microtubules}
  • there is a pair next to the nucleus in animal cells and the cells of some protocists
• Ribosomes
  • comprised of two sub-units
  • in eukaryotic cells, ribosomes cover the rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • site of protein synthesis