• the kanji meanings are in the context of what I am trying to remember, some kanjis have different meanings or readings in other contexts.

the days of the week

• 曜日 (yōbi) means 'day of the week'
• 日 (nichi) means 'day, sun' ┊ 日曜日 (nichiyōbi) means 'sunday'
• 月 (getsu) means 'moon' ┊ 月曜日 (getsuyōbi) means 'monday'
• 火 (ka) means 'fire' ┊ 火曜日 (kayōbi) means 'tuesday'
• 水 (sui) means 'water' ┊ 水曜日 (suiyōbi) means 'wednesday'
• 木 (moku) means 'tree' ┊ 木曜日 (mokuyōbi) means thursday
• 金 (kin) means 'gold, metal' ┊ 金曜日 ( kin'yōbi) means 'friday'
• 土 (do) means 'earth' ┊ 土曜日 (doyōbi) means 'saturday'

the moon phases ┊ 月相 (gessou)

• 月 (getsu) means 'moon'
• 弦月 (gengetsu) also means 'moon'
• 上 (jou) means 'up' ┊ 上弦月 (jōgengetsu) is the 'first quarter'
• 満 (man) means 'full' ┊ 満月 (mangetsu) is the 'full moon'
• 下 (ka) means 'down' ┊ 下弦月 (kagengetsu) is the 'last quarter'
• 親 (shin) means 'new' ┊ 親月 (shingetsu) is the 'new moon'
  • The word 半月 (hangetsu) means 'half-moon' and can be used in the first and last quarter

the months

• 月 (gatsu) here means 'month'
• 一 (ichi) means 'one' ┊ 一月 (ichi-gatsu) means 'january'
• 二 (ni) means 'two' ┊ 二月 (ni-gatsu) means 'fabruary'
• 三 (san) means 'three' ┊ 三月 (san-gatsu) means 'march'
• 四 (shi) means 'four' ┊ 四月 (shi-gatsu) means 'april'
• 五 (go) means 'five' ┊ 五月 (go-gatsu) means 'may'
• 六 (roku) means 'six' ┊ 六月 (roku-gatsu) means 'june'
• 七 (shichi) means 'seven' ┊ 七月 (shichi-gatsu) means 'july'
• 八 (hachi) means 'eight' ┊ 八月 (hachi-gatsu) means 'august'
• 九 (ku) means 'nine' ┊ 九月 (ku-gatsu) means 'september'
• 十 (juu) means 'ten' ┊ 十月 (juu-gatsu) means 'october'
• 十一 means 'eleven' ┊ 十一月 (juuichi-gatsu) means 'november'
• 十二 means 'twelve' ┊ 十二月 (juuni-gatsu) means 'december'
  • normally yon (4), nana (7) and kyuu (9) are used in Japanese numbers, but shi (4), shichi (7) and ku (9) are used when reading these 3 months.

days of the month

• 日 (nichi) means 'day'
• 一日 is the 1st, reading as tsuitachi
• 二日 is the 2nd, reading as futsuka
• 三日 is the 3rd, reading as mikka
• 四日 is the 4th, reading as yokka
• 五日 is the 5th, reading as itsuka
• 六日 is the 6th, reading as muika
• 七日 is the 7th, reading as nanoka
• 八日 is the 8th, reading as youka
• 九日 is the 9th, reading as kokonoka
• 十日 is the 10th, reading as tooka
• from 11th forward it reads as 'number + 日 (nichi)'; for example, 十一日 (juuichinichi) meaning '11th'.
• the days ending in 4 read as 'number + 四日 (yokka)'; for example, 一四日 (juuyokka) meaning '14th'.
• 二十日 is the 20th, reading as hatsuka
  • usually the days are written like 11月12日 (November 12th)

the four seasons ┊ 四季 (shiki)

• 春 (haru) means 'spring'
• 夏 (natsu) means 'summer'
• 秋 (aki) means 'autumn'
• 冬 (fuyu) means 'winter'
  • 季節 (kisetsu) means 'seasons' or 'the seasons'
  • 四季 (shiki) means 'four seasons'

the colors

• 色 (iro) means 'color'
• 白 ┊ しろ (shiro) means 'white'
• 黒 ┊ くろ (kuro) means 'black'
• 赤 ┊ あか (aka) means 'red'
• 青 ┊ あお (ao) means 'blue'
• 緑 ┊ みどり (midori) means 'green'
• 紫 ┊ むらさき (murasaki) means 'purple, violet'
• 黄色 ┊ きいろ (ki iro) means 'yellow'
• 茶色 ┊ ちゃいろ (cha iro) means 'brown'
• 金色 ┊ きんいろ (kin iro) means 'gold'
• 銀色 ┊ ぎんいろ (gin iro) means 'silver'
• 桃色 ┊ ももいろ (momo iro) means 'pink'
• 灰色 ┊ はいいろ (hai iro) means 'gray'
• 橙色 ┊ だいだいいろ (daidai iro) means 'orange'
• 水色 ┊ みずいろ (mizu iro) means 'light blue'
• 紺色 ┊ こんいろ (kon iro) means 'dark blue'
• 藤色 ┊ ふじいろ (fuji iro) means 'light purple'
• 焦げ茶色 ┊ こげちゃいろ (kogecha iro) means 'dark brown'
• 深緑 ┊ ふかみどり (fuka midori) means 'dark green'
• 朱色 ┊ しゅいろ (shu iro) means 'vermilion, scarlet'
• 銅色 ┊ あかがねいろ (akagane iro) means 'copper'
• 青銅色 ┊ せいどういろ (seidou iro) means 'bronze'
  • There are colors that are translated from the English (like pinku, orenji or gure) and they are written in katakana.
  • When you describe an object with a color, you should add the particle の (no) in between. For example, 青の車 (ao no kuruma) meaning 'a blue car'.
  • For some colors you can describe the object directly without using the の particle; they are: 白い (shiroi), 黒い (kuroi), 赤い (akai), 青い (aoi), 黄色い (kiiroi). For example, 白い車 (shiroi kuruma) meaning 'a white car'.

feelings

• 気分 (kibun) means 'mood'
• 幸せ (shiawase) means 'happy, happiness'
  • 気分が幸せです (kibun ga shiawase desu) means 'feeling happy'
  • 私は幸せです (watashi wa shiawase desu) means 'I am happy'
• 悲しい (kanashii) and 悲しん (kanashin) means 'sad'
  • 気分が悲しんです (kibun ga kanashin desu) means 'feeling sad'
  • 私は悲しんです (watashi wa kanashin desu) means 'I am sad'
  • 映画は悲しかった (eiga wa kanashikatta) means 'the movie was sad'
• 怒ってい (okottei) means 'angry'
  • 気分が怒っています (kibun ga okottei masu) means 'feeling angry'
  • 私は怒っています (watashi wa okottei masu) means 'I am angry'
• 間違ってい (matigattei) means 'wrong'
  • きぶんが間違っています (kibun ga matigattei masu) means 'be wrong'
• 正しい (tadashii) means 'right'
  • きぶんが正しいです (kibun ga tadashii desu) means 'be right'
• 疲れてい (tsukaretei) means 'tired'
  • 気分疲れています (kibun ga tsukaretei masu) means 'feeling tired'
• 悪い (warui) means 'bad'
  • 気分が悪い (kibun ga warui) means 'feeling sick'
  • 気分が悪いです (kibun ga warui desu means 'feeling bad'
• 空いてい (suitei) means 'empty' ┊ お腹 (onaka) means 'stomach'
  • お腹が空いています (onaka ga suitei masu) means 'being hungry'
• 乾いてい (kawaitei) means 'dry' ┊ 喉 (nodo) means 'throat'
  • 喉が乾いています (nodo ga kawaitei masu) means 'being thirsty'