IT'S TIME TO GET MAD!!!

• Ada Lovelace and computer programming
  • Ada’s notes are the first descriptions of computer programming and algorithms, but for years historians argued over whether or not Ada wrote them herself or if Babbage was the real author. Some historians wrote Ada off, but Babbage’s memoirs suggests that Lord Byron’s daughter was the one who wrote those notes
• Alice Guy was the first female film director and first female studio owner
  • Ironically, her name was eventually erased and her husband got the credit for her visionary work in film. He opened a studio after she did, convinced her to merge companies and to let his name be at the forefront
• Ancient Mesopotamian women were the first to develop, sell, and even drink beer
• Anna Arnold Hedgeman organized the March on Washington
  • Anna Arnold Hedgeman was the only woman on the organizing committee for the 1963 March on Washington where Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his “I Have a Dream” speech. A group of leaders who organized the March are often referred to as the “Big Six.” Of course, Hedgemen (or any other woman, for that matter) was not included in that group.
• Candace Pert and opioid receptor
  • When Pert, then a graduate student at Johns Hopkins, protested that her professor, Dr. Solomon Snyder, had received an award for her discovery of the receptor allows opiates to lock into the brain, Snyder’s response was curt: “That’s how the game is played.” Pert protested in a formal letter to the award committee (“As a graduate student who played a key role in initiating the research and following it up”) and then, having thoroughly revolutionized neuroscience, got back to work. She was working toward a more effective treatment of Alzheimer’s when she died in September
• Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu discovered the law of parity
  • Along with two male colleagues, Dr. Tsung-Dao Lee and Dr. Chen Ning Yang, she “overthrew a law of symmetry in physics called the principle of conservation of parity,” according to the National Women’s History Museum. In 1957, the men received the Nobel Prize for their breakthrough. Wu was excluded from the award.
• Elizabeth Magie invented Monopoly
  • More than three decades later, a man named Charles Darrow claimed a “version of it as his own,” and sold his game to Parker Brothers. Darrow made millions for the game we know today as Monopoly, while Magie’s creation earned her around $500
• Emilie Du Chatelet and the global financial crisis
  • way back in 17th Century France, a woman named Emilie Du Chatelet. She was a philosopher, a mathematician, a physicist and as it turned out… a prolific gambler. She lost about 80-thousand francs and couldn't immediately pay it back, so she invented a system to buy her some time. In those days, tax collectors were able to keep a small percentage of what they earned, so she paid them a small amount of money for the right to the future earnings, then used those rights to pay off her gambling debt in the present. Basically, this is the concept behind financial derivatives and financial derivatives were actually a major cause of the global financial crisis.
• Esther Lederberg created a lab technique called replica plating
  • The Lederbergs called this technique the Lederberg Method, and it is still being used today. Esther also discovered a virus that infects bacteria, which she called the lambda bacteriophage in 1951.Unfortunately, Esther’s husband Joshua got all of the credit for the Lederberg Method. Their work on replica plating was one of the reasons why he won the 1985 Nobel Peace Prize for physiology or medicine, which he shared with George Beadle and Edward Tatum.
• Hedy Lamar created wireless communication
  • The military and private companies started developing technologies around Lamarr’s invention, but she got no credit
• Jocelyn Bell Burnell was the first person to observe radio pulsars
  • As a graduate student at the University of Cambridge, Jocelyn Bell Burnell helped Anthony Hewish and Martin Ryle construct a radio telescope to monitor quasars (a massive and extremely remote celestial object). It was Burnell’s job to analyze the data from it. In 1974, Hewish and Ryle received the Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery.
• Judy Molloy wrote the first hypertext fiction
  • In 1992 a New York Times book critic claimed that the young novelist Michael Joyce’s Afternoon, A story was the “granddaddy” of hypertext fiction, despite the fact that Judy’s Uncle Roger was published first and had garnered acclaim from the digital art community. Guess the critic couldn’t stand the fact that a woman had published hypertext fiction first and did it better!
• Lise Meitner discovered nuclear fission
  • According to Dr. Chris Padgett, a history professor at American River College, Meitner was denied proper credit due because she was Jewish and a refugee. “Hahn, who stayed loyal to the Nazis, later won the Nobel Prize for this work, but refused to give Meitner credit,” he said
• Margaret Keane was actually the artist behind "The Big-Eyed Waifs."
  • Margaret Keane was the painter who created "the big-eyed waifs" -- pieces of art that became wildly popular in the 1960s. Her husband, Walter Keane, convinced her that they would make more money if he put his name on the paintings. Years later, she claimed in court that he threatened to kill her if she ever went public with their secret
• Margaret Knight invented the paper bag machine
  • A man named Charles Anan came by her shop to examine Knight’s machine. When she went to file a patent, her application was rejected because one had already been given to Anan
• Nettie M. Stevens discovered that a man's sperm determines the sex of a child
  • Another scientist named Edmund Beecher Wilson independently came to the same conclusion at around the same time as Stevens, and submitted his paper to The Journal of Experimental Zoology 10 days before she did. Wilson did include a footnote that he was aware of Stevens’ findings
• Rosalind Franklin played a big role in discovering the double-helix
  • A colleague named Maurice Wilkins showed Photo 51 to competing scientists James Watson and Francis Crick -- without Franklin’s permission.The duo used Franklin’s findings as a basis for their DNA model and won a Nobel Prize for it in 1962 -- four years after she died
• Trotula of Salerno and the the world’s first gynecologist
  • Trotula of Salerno was a female doctor in Italy in the 11th century, who wrote a number of texts about diseases and health conditions affecting women, making her what the Brooklyn Museum describes as “the world’s first gynecologist.” For centuries, her works remained important resources about women’s health, but over time, her authorship and gender came into question, with some people arguing that a woman couldn’t have had the expertise to write the treatises. Some editions of her works were published with the names of male authors, and some people argued that the texts must have been written by multiple authors or that Trotula had never existed at all
• Willie Mae Thornton was the original singer of “Hound Dog.”
  • In 1952, singer and songwriter Willie Mae “Big Mama” Thornton recorded “Hound Dog” -- a song Elvis Presley would eventually cover and make famous